১. তুলনামূলক শিক্ষা কি? শিক্ষাক্ষেত্রে উন্নয়ন মানে দেশ ও জাতির
উন্নয়ন উক্তির আলোকে তুলনামূলক শিক্ষার লক্ষ্য উদ্দেশ্য আলোচনা করো।
wkÿv: ‘wkÿvÕ kãwU ms¯‹…Z avZz ‘kvmÕ
n‡Z †bqv n‡q‡Q| “kvmÓ K_vwUi A_© ‘wbqš¿Y, kvmb, wb‡`©k `vb|Õ kãMZ A‡_© ‘kvmÕ
K_vwUi AšÍ‡i i‡q‡Q e¨e¯’v Z_v Av‡ivwcZ e¨e¯’v| wkÿvi Ab¨ GKwU mgv_©K kã ‘we`¨vÕ
hv mvs¯‹…Z kã ‘we`Õ avZz †_‡K MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| ‘we`Õ
A_© Ávb AR©b Kiv ev Rvbv| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b Ávb AR©b Kiv‡K e¨vcK A‡_© cÖKvk Kiv nq| A_©vr ïay
AR©b Kivi g‡a¨B mxgve× bv †i‡L AwR©Z Ávb cÖ‡qvM Kiv‡K †evSv‡bv nq| ‘wkÿvÕi Bs‡iwR cwÖZkã ‘Education’ hv wewfboe gZvbymv‡i j¨vwUb ‘Educare’, ‘Educere’ I ‘Educatum’ k㸇jv †_‡K DrcwË jvf K‡i‡Q| ‘Educare’ kãwU w`‡q ‘To Develop’, ‘To Nourish’
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Zzjbvg~jK
wkÿvi RbK m¨vi gvB‡Kj m¨vWjvi me©cÖ g Zzjbvg~jK wkÿv m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i msÁv cÖ`vb K‡ib| Zyjbvg~jK
wkÿvi A_© n‡”QÑ wewfboe †`k, mgv‡Ri wkÿv e¨e¯’vi Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv| m¨vi gvB‡Kj m¨vWjvi Gi
fvlvq Zzjbvg~jK wkÿv n‡”Q, †h †Kvb wkÿv e¨e¯’vi †ÿ‡Î we`¨vj‡q ewnt¯’ welq I cwi‡ek we`¨vj‡qi Af¨šÍixY
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Av‡›`vjb I msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g MwVZ n‡q‡Q, Avi GKwU RvZxq Rxe‡bi Kvh©µ‡gi g‡a¨B wbwnZ|
cÖK…Z A‡_© Zuvi e³e¨ n‡”Q,
Zzjbvg~jK wkÿv †mB welq hvi gva¨‡g bvMwiKMY wb‡R‡`i RvZxq Rxe‡bi mvgwMÖK w`‡Ki
Dci wfwË K‡i we‡k¦i wewfboe †`‡ki wkÿv m¤^Üxq welq Av‡jvPbv, ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i Ges
wbR †`‡ki wkÿve¨e¯’vi mv‡_ Zzjbvg~jK aviYv jvf K‡i|
gvB‡Kj m¨vWjv‡iici AB. Gj.
K¨v‡Ûj, wb‡Kvjvm g¨vwjbmb, nvb&m cÖgyL wkÿvwe`MY Zuv‡`i `„wó‡KvY †_‡K
Zzjbvg~jK wkÿv m¤‡^ ÜaviYv cÖ`vb K‡ib|
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Dcv`vb †Kvb mgv‡Ri K…wó‡K D‡b¥vPb K‡i Ges bvbvfv‡e mgv‡Ri wkÿve¨e¯’v‡K
cÖfvevwš^Z K‡i Zvi cvVB Zzjbvg~jK wkÿv|
Ab¨w`‡K wkÿvwe` g¨vwjbmbI
Zzjbvg~jK wkÿv‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb Zuvi fvlvq, Òh_vh_ cixÿvwbixÿvi
mvnv‡h¨ wewfboe ms¯‹…wZ I
wkÿvi Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbvB Zzjbvg~jK wkÿv bv‡g cwiwPZ| G RvZxq ch©v‡jvPbvi
gva¨‡gB bvbv iKg ms¯‹…wZ I wkÿvi mv`„k¨Ñˆemv`„k¨ Ges G¸‡jvi KviYmg~n wba©viY Kiv
hvqÓ|
Aa¨vcK GWgÛ Gd wKs Gi g‡Z,
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cvwi ZZÿY ch©šÍ Zzjbvg~jK wkÿve¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© aviYv my¯úó nq bv| cwieZ©bkxj gvbyl‡K
wVKfv‡e eySv bv †M‡j weeZ©bkxj wkÿv‡KI eySv hvq bv| we‡k¦i wkÿv e¨e¯’vi †cÖÿvcU
wb‡qB RvZxq wkÿve¨e¯’v Av‡jvwPZ, we‡ewPZ, cixwÿZ I wbixwÿZ nIqv DwPZÓ| Kjw¤^qv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK RR© weqvi‡W e‡jb, Òwkÿve¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ †h me mv`„k¨ I
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Zzjbvg~jK wkÿvi KvR| e¯‘Z c‡ÿ, †gŠwjK bxwZMZ w`K †_‡K HwZnvwmKfv‡e we‡kølY KivB
Zzjbvg~jK wkÿv|
Zzjbvg~jK wkÿvi jÿ¨
we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki wkÿv m¤^‡Ü Aa¨q‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿvi
cwieZ©b Rvbv m¤¢e nq| wkÿvi gvb Dbœhb wbf©i K‡i †`‡ki mvwe©K wkÿv e¨e¯’vi Dci|
wewfb†`‡ki wkÿvq Av‡Q ˆewPΨ, bZzbZ¡ I Dboeq‡bi g~jm~Î| cvkvcvwk i‡q‡Q wKQz fyj
ÎæwU I mbvZb Z_¨| ZvB bvbv †`‡ki wkÿve¨e¯’v m¤‡^ Ü Aa¨qb K‡I wbR †`‡ki wkÿvi
gvb Dboeqb KivB Zzjbvg~jK wkÿvi cÖavb jÿ¨| wkÿv †ÿ‡Î Dbœhb A_©B †`k I RvwZi
Dbœhb | DbœZ †`k¸‡jvi wkÿv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Aa¨qb K‡i †`‡ki wkÿvi Dboeqb I AvaywbK
Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ bvbvwea c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wkÿvi AZxZ BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i
cÖZxqgvb nq †h wkÿvi cÖwZ ¯Í‡iB wewfboe D‡Ï‡k¨ we‡k¦i bvbv‡`‡ki wkÿv m¤^‡Ü
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iƒc Avb‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
Zzjbvg~jK wkÿvi D‡Ïk¨
Afxó j‡ÿ¨ †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ Zzjbvg~jK wkÿvi gva¨‡g KwZcq
D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Kiv Avek¨K| D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv
wb‡P eY©bv Kiv njÑ
eyw×e„wËwfwËK D‡Ïk¨Ñ we‡k¦i wewfboe †`‡ki wkÿve¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© we‡klfv‡e Rvbv Ges Zv cy•Lvbycy•L
iƒ‡c
AbymÜvb I ch©v‡jvPbv c~e©K wb‡Ri Ávb‡K mg„× Kivi my‡hvM
m„wó nq| Avi Gi gva¨‡g wkÿv weÁvb I
mvgvwRK weÁvb welqK Ávb AR©b Ges AR©bK…Z Ávb cÖ‡qv‡Mi c_
cÖmvwiZ nq| †Kbbv wkÿv Ges mgvR
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cwiKíbv wfwËK D‡Ïk¨ÑeZ©gvb hyM AvaywbK hyM| me †`kB Dboeq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wewfboe †ÿ‡Î b~Zb b~Zb
c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Q| †m wn‡m‡e wkÿv †ÿ‡ÎI M„nxZ n‡”Q bvbv
Kg©m~Px Ges cÖYxZ n‡”Q Zvi cwiKíbv|
†`‡ki RbM‡Yi ¯^v‡_© Ges mvwe©K Dboeq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cwiKíbv I
Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î ÎæwUgy³ ivLvi
Rb¨ we‡kl `„wó †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| D‡jøL¨ ‡h, G Kv‡Ri Rb¨
Zzjbvg~jK wkÿvi Ae`vb Acwimxg|
Dc‡hvwMZvwfwËK D‡Ïk¨Ñ wkÿvi AMÖMwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi A_©‰bwZK g~j¨I mycÖwZwôZ| we‡k¦i A‡bK
†`‡k AvR gva¨wgK ¯Íi †_‡KB Kg© AwfÁZv AR©bg~jK wkÿvi
cÖPjb i‡q‡Q hv KvwiKzjv‡gi AšÍf©y³|
we‡klZ Rvcvb, Pxb, †Kvwiqv, wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi wkÿve¨e¯’vq Kg©
AwfÁZvwfwËK wkÿvi cÖPjb †`Lv hvq|
d‡j Avewk¨K welq wn‡m‡e wkÿv_©xiv Kg© AwfÁZv AR©b K‡i|
g~jZ Gi gva¨‡g †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK
DboewZi mnvqZv n‡q _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K evsjv‡`k, fviZmn we‡k¦i
A‡bK †`‡k Gi wecixZ Ae¯’v
weivRgvb| e„wËg~jK wkÿvi
AMÖmiZvi Kvi‡Y †eKvi mgm¨v μ‡gB e„w× cv‡”Q, GKBmv‡_ †eªb†WªbI
n‡”Q| A_©vr Dboeqbkxj I ga¨Av‡qi †`k¸‡jvi †gav DboeZ †`‡k
cvPvi n‡”Q ejv hvq| ZvB AbyboeZ I
Dboeqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡Z mgm¨v i‡q hv‡”Q| d‡j AvaywbK wkÿvi
†ÿÎ n‡”Q ÎæwUc~Y©| G mgm¨v mgvavbK‡í
Zzjbvg~jK wkÿvi Avw½‡K cÖ‡qvMgyLx wkÿv cÖPj‡bi Rb¨
welqwUi Dci †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e|
D™¢vebxwfwËK D‡Ïk¨Ñ
wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î MZvbyMwZK avivi Kg©m~wP cwiewZ©Z n‡q eZ©gv‡b cÖeZ©b n‡q‡Q D™¢vebxg~jK
Kg©m~wP| wkÿvq e¨eüZ n‡”Q weÁvb I cÖhyw³ Ges †m mv‡_ †`Lv hv‡”Q MYgva¨‡gi Dcw¯’wZ|
`~iwkÿY c×wZ, gWz¨jvi c×wZ, wWwRUvj gva¨g cÖf…wZ Áv‡bi weKvk‡K cÖmvi K‡i‡Q| †kÖwYKÿ
e¨e¯’vcbv, wkLbцkLv‡bv c×wZ, DcKi‡Yi e¨envi, wkÿK-wkÿv_©xi m¤úK©, wkÿ‡Ki
e¨envi BZ¨vw` wel‡q DboeZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z cÖPzi M‡elYv n‡q‡Q| †mB M‡elYvjä Ávb
AbyboeZ, Dboeqbkxj †`‡ki wkÿv e¨e¯’vq cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡”Q|
eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦i bvbv †`‡ki wkÿve¨e¯’v Zyjbvg~jK wkÿvi
gva¨‡g cÖKvk n‡”Q| d‡j †`‡k †`‡k wkÿv‡ÿÎ
cwieZ©b n‡”Q, cÖeZ©b n‡”Q AvaywbK c×wZ I welqvw`, hv
hy‡Mi Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z mg_©|Avgv‡`i †`‡kI
AvR wkÿvi wewfboe ¯Í‡i cwieZ©‡bi †Rvqvi G‡m‡Q| GiB m~Î
a‡i wkyvμg, wkÿv c×wZ I †kÖwY
e¨e¯’vcbvq ms¯‹vi Kiv n‡”Q| AbymiY Kiv n‡”Q DboeZ we‡k¦i
gb¯ÍË¡ `vk©wbK I wkÿvwe`M‡Yi wkÿv
gZev`| ejv hvq, hy‡Mi mv‡_
wgj †i‡L GwM‡q hvIqvi cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q|
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